Why Are Rangers Called Huns?

What does Huns mean in Scotland?

Hun A nickname for a Protestant. Also a vague nonsectarian insult much used in football chants like ‘The referee’s a hun’ or’ Go home ya hun.

Why do they call Protestants Huns?

Reason #1: Because of Their Religious Denomination – The word ‘Hun’ has caused controversy over the years and plays on the long-established religious differences between Rangers and Celtic. Traditionally Rangers supporters are Protestant and Celtic fans are Catholic. Over the years these religious differences, along with the deep-rooted rivalry of being by far the two most successful teams in Scotland and being from the same city, have caused considerable tension between the two sets of fans. The term Hun has historical and sectarian meanings going right back to the War of Independence when it was used as a derogatory way to refer to Protestants by Catholics. In short, it is a synonym for religious designation. Of course, the context in which it is used plays a part as well. I am certain many younger fans will automatically use it as they simply know it could be considered an offensive way of referring to the opposition fans, without knowing exactly why. For anyone (like me) who is either agnostic or atheist, it is difficult to imagine that religion can cause such problems between football fans, but it has done in years gone by. But I do remember the controversy caused in 1989 when Mo Johnston signed for Rangers from Nantes. Johnston became the first openly Catholic player to sign for Rangers since the First World War. In the days that followed some Rangers fans were so disgusted, they were pictured burning Rangers scarves and shirts and claimed they would never return to Ibrox. But the situation also wasn’t helped by the fact that Johnston was a former Celtic player! He became just the second player to cross the Old Firm divide since World War II. RELATED ===> Revealed: The Best Retro Rangers Shirts And to make the whole saga even more convoluted Mo Johnston was actually initially unveiled as a Celtic player again, joining the club for £1.2million from Nantes. On 12 May 1989, he said: “I didn’t want to leave Celtic then and I don’t intend to now. “There was some rubbish about me wanting to join Manchester United but it never entered my head to play for any other club. In fact, there is no other British club I could play for apart from Celtic.” Then reports began suggesting Celtic hadn’t met their payments on the deal and all of a sudden the transfer was off. Two months later he signed for their arch-rivals Rangers The whole story is covered in an excellent article on the Football Scotland website,

What do Celtic call Rangers?

Old Firm

Celtic and Rangers fans, separated by police, at Celtic Park
Other names	Glasgow derby
Location	Glasgow, Scotland
Teams	Celtic Rangers
First meeting	28 May 1888 Friendly Celtic 5–2 Rangers
Latest meeting	3 September 2023 Scottish Premiership Rangers 0–1 Celtic
Next meeting	30 December 2023 Scottish Premiership Celtic vs. Rangers
Statistics
Meetings total	437
Most wins	Rangers (169)
Largest victory	Celtic 7–1 Rangers (19 October 1957)
Celtic Park Ibrox (Rangers) Hampden Park Location of the two teams’ stadiums in Glasgow, as well as Hampden Park where their cup semi/final meetings are normally played

The Old Firm is the collective name for the Scottish football clubs Celtic and Rangers, which are both based in Glasgow, The two clubs are the most successful and popular in Scotland, and the rivalry between them has become deeply embedded in Scottish culture.

• It has reflected and contributed to political, social and religious division and sectarianism in Scotland.
• As a result, the fixture has had an enduring appeal around the world.
• Between them the two clubs have won 108 Scottish League championships (Rangers with 55 and Celtic with 53), 75 Scottish Cups (Celtic with 41 and Rangers with 34), and 48 Scottish League Cups (Rangers with 27 and Celtic with 21).

Interruptions to their ascendancy have occurred rarely, mainly in the two decades after the Second World War from 1946 to 1965 when five other clubs all won the senior league, and in the first half of the 1980s with the challenge of the New Firm of Aberdeen and Dundee United,

Beginning with the 1985–86 season, one half of the Old Firm has won the Scottish League every season and in all but one of seventeen seasons between 1995–96 and 2011–12, both clubs finished in the top two places. In the early 2010s, Rangers endured financial difficulties, and its holding company was liquidated in 2012,

Subsequently, the team had to apply for entry to the bottom (fourth) tier of the Scottish league, climbing to the top division in four seasons and winning the title again in 2020–21 (Celtic were champions in each of the intervening nine campaigns but failed to claim the tenth, which would have beaten a record set by them in the 1960s/70s and matched by Rangers in the 1980s/90s).

As a result of these circumstances, a proportion of Celtic supporters maintain that the current Rangers is distinct from the pre-2012 club and the rivalry no longer exists under the Old Firm identity; instead, they (and often Celtic themselves) use the more generic term ” Glasgow derby ” to refer to the rivalry.

Celtic and Rangers have played each other 437 times in major competitions: Rangers have won 169 matches, Celtic 166 matches, and 102 ended in a draw. The clubs have large fan bases around Glasgow and Scotland and have supporters clubs in most towns throughout Scotland and Northern Ireland and in many cities around the world.

Who are called Huns?

Huns
370s–469
Territory under Hunnic control circa 450 AD
Common languages	Hunnic Gothic Various tribal languages
Government	Tribal Confederation
King or chief
• 370s?	Balamber ?
• c.395 – ?	Kursich and Basich
• c.400–409	Uldin
• c.412 – ?	Charaton
• c.420s–430	Octar and Rugila
• 430–435	Rugila
• 435–445	Attila and Bleda
• 445–453	Attila
• 453–469	Dengizich and Ernak
• 469–?	Ernak
History
• Huns appear north-west of the Caspian Sea	pre 370s
• Conquest of the Alans and Goths	370s
• Attila and Bleda become co-rulers of the united tribes	437
• Death of Bleda, Attila becomes sole ruler	445
• Battle of the Catalaunian Plains	451
• Invasion of northern Italy	452
• Battle of Nedao	454
• Dengizich, son of Attila, dies	469
Preceded by Succeeded by Alans Greuthungi Thervingi Pannonia /td>	Gepids Rugiland Ostrogothic Kingdom Kingdom of the Suebi (Danube)

/td>

/td>

The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part of Scythia at the time; the Huns’ arrival to Europe is associated with the migration westward of an Iranian people, the Alans,

1. By 370 AD, the Huns had arrived on the Volga, and by 430, they had established a vast, if short-lived, dominion in Europe, conquering the Goths and many other Germanic peoples living outside of Roman borders and causing many others to flee into Roman territory.
2. The Huns, especially under their King Attila, made frequent and devastating raids into the Eastern Roman Empire,

In 451, they invaded the Western Roman province of Gaul, where they fought a combined army of Romans and Visigoths at the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields, and in 452, they invaded Italy. After the death of Attila in 453, the Huns ceased to be a major threat to Rome and lost much of their empire following the Battle of Nedao (c.454).

Descendants of the Huns, or successors with similar names, are recorded by neighboring populations to the south, east, and west as having occupied parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia from about the 4th to 6th centuries. Variants of the Hun name are recorded in the Caucasus until the early 8th century.

In the 18th century, French scholar Joseph de Guignes became the first to propose a link between the Huns and the Xiongnu people, who lived in northern China from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Since Guignes’ time, considerable scholarly effort has been devoted to investigating such a connection.

1. The issue remains controversial, but recent archaeogenetic studies confirm their Asian origins.
2. Their relationships with other entities, such as the Iranian Huns and the Huna people of South Asia, have also been disputed.
3. Very little is known about Hunnic culture, and very few archaeological remains have been conclusively associated with the Huns.

They are believed to have used bronze cauldrons and to have performed artificial cranial deformation, No description exists of the Hunnic religion of the time of Attila, but practices such as divination are attested, and the existence of shamans is likely.

• It is also known that the Huns had a language of their own ; however, only three words and personal names attest to it.
• Economically, the Huns are known to have practiced a form of nomadic pastoralism,
• As their contact with the Roman world grew, their economy became increasingly tied with Rome through tribute, raiding, and trade.

They do not seem to have had a unified government when they entered Europe but rather to have developed a unified tribal leadership in the course of their wars with the Romans. The Huns ruled over a variety of peoples who spoke numerous languages, and some maintained their own rulers.

Their main military technique was mounted archery, The Huns may have stimulated the Great Migration, a contributing factor in the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, The memory of the Huns also lived on in various Christian saints’ lives, where the Huns play the roles of antagonists, as well as in Germanic heroic legend, where the Huns are variously antagonists or allies to the Germanic main figures.

In Hungary, a legend developed based on medieval chronicles that the Hungarians, and the Székely ethnic group in particular, are descended from the Huns. However, mainstream scholarship dismisses a close connection between the Hungarians and Huns. Modern culture generally associates the Huns with extreme cruelty and barbarism.

What are Huns slang for UK?

So many questions, so little time – but we’ve got the definition of hun, a brief explanation of hun culture, and a card game that celebrates it all! – Hun, short for “hunni”, née “honey” has been in the national lexicon for a long time now. But in the last couple of years, it’s evolved from a simple term of endearment into a whole culture; an entire way of life.

Why are British called German Huns?

The original Huns were a nomadic tribe, probably originating from Mongolia, who, under the leadership of Attila, terrorised the Roman empire in the mid-5th century, extorting large sums of money with menaces. Considered by Rome to be the ultimate of all savage ‘Barbarians’, Attila the Hun was referred to as the ‘Scourge of God’.

10 First World War slang words we still use today Why do Americans call the British ‘limeys’?

In the mid-19th century, the Hun was resurrected as an Asiatic foe at the same time the British empire came to view China as a direct threat. And then, in the early months of World War I, the allies applied the term ‘Hun’ to the forces of Germany and Austro-Hungary in order to conjure up images of a bestial foe.

What were Dutch Protestants called?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protestant Church in the Netherlands
Classification	Protestant
Orientation	United church
Polity	Mixture of presbyterian and congregationalist
Associations	Conference of European Churches World Communion of Reformed Churches Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe Lutheran World Federation World Council of Churches
Origin	1 May 2004 Netherlands
Merger of	Dutch Reformed Church Reformed Churches in the Netherlands Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Separations	Restored Reformed Church Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (newly organized denominations; refused to participate in the merger)
Congregations	1,487
Members	1.5 million (8.6% of the population)
Official website	www,protestantsekerk,nl

The Protestant Church in the Netherlands ( Dutch : de Protestantse Kerk in Nederland, abbreviated PKN ) is the largest Protestant denomination in the Netherlands, being both Calvinist and Lutheran, It was founded on 1 May 2004 as the merger of the vast majority of the Dutch Reformed Church, the vast majority of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands,

• The merger was the culmination of an organizational process started in 1961.
• Several orthodox Reformed and liberal churches did not merge into the new church.
• The Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) forms the country’s second largest Christian denomination after the Catholic Church, with approximately 1.5 million members as per the church official statistics or some 8.6% of the population in 2021.

It is the traditional faith of the Dutch Royal Family – a remnant of historical dominance of the Dutch Reformed Church, the main predecessor of the Protestant Church.

What is the Huns slur?

‘Hun’ was a common nickname/insult used when discussing Germans during WWI. The name actually doesn’t have anything to do with ethnic connections, but refers more to a perception of the German ideology.

What is the nickname for the Rangers?

This article is about the men’s football club. For the women’s team, see Rangers W.F.C.

Rangers

Full name	Rangers Football Club
Nickname(s)	The Gers The Light Blues The Teddy Bears
Founded	March 1872 (151 years ago)
Ground	Ibrox Stadium
Capacity	50,987
Owner	The Rangers Football Club Ltd
Chairman	John Bennett
Manager	Michael Beale
League	Scottish Premiership
2022–23	Scottish Premiership, 2nd of 12
Website	Club website
Home colours Away colours

/td> Current season

Rangers Football Club is a Scottish professional football club based in the Govan district of Glasgow which plays in the Scottish Premiership, Although not its official name, it is often referred to as Glasgow Rangers outside Scotland. The fourth-oldest football club in Scotland, Rangers was founded by four teenage boys as they walked through West End Park (now Kelvingrove Park ) in March 1872 where they discussed the idea of forming a football club, and played its first match against the now defunct Callander at the Fleshers’ Haugh area of Glasgow Green in May of the same year.

Rangers’ home ground, Ibrox Stadium, designed by stadium architect Archibald Leitch and opened in 1929, is a Category B listed building and the third-largest football stadium in Scotland, The club has always played in royal blue shirts. Rangers have won the Scottish League title a record 55 times, the Scottish Cup 34 times, the Scottish League Cup a record 27 times and the domestic treble on seven occasions.

Rangers won the European Cup Winners’ Cup in 1972 after being losing finalists twice, in 1961 (the first British club to reach a UEFA tournament final) and 1967, The club has lost a further two European finals; they reached the UEFA Cup Final in 2008 and a fourth runners-up finish in European competition came in the UEFA Europa League Final in 2022,

• Rangers has a long-standing rivalry with Celtic, the two Glasgow clubs being collectively known as the Old Firm, which is considered one of the world’s biggest football derbies.
• With more than 600 Rangers supporters’ clubs in 35 countries worldwide, Rangers has one of the largest fanbases in world football.

The club holds the record for the largest travelling support in football history, when an estimated 200,000 Rangers fans arrived in the city of Manchester for the 2008 UEFA Cup final, Rangers also took the largest ever travelling support abroad when an estimated 100,000 fans arrived in Seville for the 2022 UEFA Europa League Final,

• One of the 11 original members of the Scottish Football League, Rangers remained in the top division continuously until a financial crisis during the 2011–12 season saw the club enter administration and the original company liquidated with the assets moved to a new company structure.
• The club was accepted as an associate member of the Scottish Football League and placed in the fourth tier of the Scottish football league system in time for the start of the following season.

Rangers then won three promotions in four years, returning to the Premiership for the start of the 2016–17 season, While in the Scottish lower divisions, Rangers became the only club in Scotland to have won every domestic trophy. In 2020–21, Rangers won the Scottish Premiership, their first Scottish championship in ten years, a then world record fifty-fifth league win.

Are Rangers Catholic or Celtic?

Roger Levesque December 6, 2002 EDGE Paper Celtic vs. Rangers: Catholicism vs. Protestantism Most European cities can boast of a professional football (soccer) club and a competitive rivalry with a neighboring team. However, Glasgow, Scotland is the home of one of the oldest and most heated rivalries in the world.

Two of the most prestigious football clubs in Europe, Celtic and Rangers, both call Glasgow their home. The cross-town rivals first met on the pitch on February 28, 1888. At that point, “none of the 2,000 spectators at the game could have guessed that they were present at a historic occasion, for that evening marked the first of what was to become the most famous, long-lasting and bitter sporting rivalry in the history of football” (Murray 4).

Almost a hundred years after the inaugural match, the conflict between fans came to fruition when Celtic and Rangers met in the 1980 Scottish Cup Final. Immediately following an entertaining and relatively problem free match, built up tension exploded into violent riots before anyone had even le! ft the stadium.

Celtic supporters, excited after the victory, rushed the field to celebrate with their beloved players. Angered by the loss and the expression of joy shown by their nemesis, Rangers fans also rushed the field. However, There was no question of celebration in the minds of the fans who invaded from the West end of the ground.

They had violence in mind and no sooner was it offered than it was returned with enthusiasm. The brutal and disgusting scenes which followed as bottles flew and drunken supporters charged and counter-charged from one end of the field to that other, brought disgrace upon the two clubs concerned, upon Scottish football generally, and were an affront to Scotland as a nation (Murray 196).

The riots after the 1980 Scottish Cup Final acted as a springboard for the conflict between Celtic and Rangers. Before that game, the extent of the tension between the two groups had gone unrealized. However, the truth behind the violence on the field that day continues to plague the rivalry today. Despite the age-old on field rivalry, the tension between Celtic and Ranger supporters runs much deeper than what takes place on the soccer field.

The conflict between the fans has erupted into violence on many occasions, with games between the two clubs ending in some of the worst riots and greatest tragedies in sporting history. Despite the tension created through competition, the origin of hatred between clubs and fans is not just the result of bad tackles and endless taunting.

1. Soccer in Glasgow has become a public stage for sectarianism, the religious bigotry that has plagued Scotland for hundreds of years (Murray xi).
2. The very foundations of the two Glasgow football clubs are built on the religious division between Catholicism and Protestantism.
3. Traditionally, Rangers supporters are Protestant while Celtic fans support the Catholic Church.

Sectarianism in Scotland emerged after 16 th century reformations of the Church of Scotland (Sanders, Origins ! of Sectarianism). At the beginning of the 16 th century, Scotland was a piously Catholic nation. Despite strong devotion to the Catholic Church, educated Scots began to look beyond Rome and its doctrines, seeking more personal forms of a spiritual experience.

1. The emergence of the influential John Knox and the circulation of Lutheran books expressing the Protestant ideas of Martin Luther gave those searching for more something to embrace.
2. When the Reformation initially split the Church into Catholic and Protestant factions, Scotland took its first step in the transition from a once Catholic country to a country having a Protestant majority (Renaissance and Reformation).

Even though Protestant support had almost completely wiped out Catholicism by the beginning of the 19 th century, support for the Catholic Church would soon retake its place in Scottish society. It did this with sheer numbers as Irish Catholics were forced to move to Scotland because! of the great potato famine in Ireland.

1. Not only did the potato famin e increase the number of Irish Catholics in Scotland, but it also increased the bitter feelings on the part of a threatened Scottish Protestant population (Sanders, Origins).
2. This tension would only grow with time,
3. Problems continued in Glasgow as more and more Irish Catholics looked for refuge in Scotland.

Since families left Ireland because of famine, they arrived in Scotland with almost nothing, just the clothes on their backs and the hope to make a new life. With more people in the same space, fierce competition erupted between the two groups. Protestants found themselves competing directly with Catholics for jobs, often losing out, as Irish Catholics were willing to work harder for longer periods of time at lower wages (Sanders, Origins).

The Glasgow shipyards epitomized this struggle as Catholics tried to get work in an industry that had traditionally been controlled by the Protestant population. While some industries hired Catholics in order to obtain cheaper labor, some remained loyal to Protestant only policies. Rangers football club adopted the Protestant only policy early on in the teams development.

A major proponent of the Protestant only policy, Rangers maint! ained it for 116 years and was eventually one of the last to see the policy go. Because of the unfortunate circumstances that brought them to Scotland in the first place, the Catholic community also found itself failing to meet the respectability standards laid down by the Scottish Protestant community.

Protestants frowned upon the Catholics blue-collar way of life, as well as certain Catholic policies on divorce, contraception, mixed marriages and what they saw as the desecration of the Sabbath. Rangers actually refused to play soccer on Sundays (Sanders, Origins). It was small differences like these that pushed the two religious groups to hate one another.

Even though Scotland provided better conditions than a famine stricken Ireland, Irish Catholics found that 19 th century Glasgow was not as pleasant as they had hoped. In addition to living in extremely poor conditions in a highly industrialized city, oppression and abuse plagued the Irish Catholic community as well.

Struggling to settle into their new community, Catholics found that Protestants did everything they could to make life more difficult for the newcomers. Because of these obstacles, leaders in the Catholic community recognized the need for something to help their people settle into their new home. Their savior was soccer.

Celtic Football Club was initially founded in November 1887, and then officially established in 1888 to raise money for a Catholic charity, the Poor Childrens Dinner Table. Leaders of the Catholic community hoped that the team would also help maintain peoples interest and devotion to the Catholic faith.

This was so impo! rtant in a time where Protestantism and the possibility of a better way of life tempted even the most devout Catholic supporters (Sanders, Celtic FC). Despite its beginnings as a vehicle to promote Catholic support, over time the Celtic Football Club moved away from the religious foundations on which it was based.

Although an 1895 resolution suggested that the team introduce a limit on the number of Protestants allowed into the team, this was rejected and the club has since remained open to all faiths. By not practicing any form of religious exclusion, Celtic quickly became one of the most successful football teams in the country.

1. Glasgow Rangers had a very different beginning than its counterpart Celtic.
2. Formed in 1872, Rangers Football clubs initial connection to Protestantism, like many other football clubs at the time, was not much more than that they were made up of Protestant players.
3. In addition to this, Rangers immediately found support and created strong links with the world of shipbuilding, a predominately Protestant profession at the time.

However, despite these connections, Rangers association with Protestantism was pushed to the forefront until after the formation of Celtic. With Celtics strong ties to Catholicism, Protestants in Glasgow wanted a team of their own. Conflict and competition between Catholics and Protestants in the shipbuilding industry naturally pushed Rangers to take that role.

“Given the anti-Catholic feeling at the time, it is no surprise that Celtics success was not well received. Scottish society demanded a Protestant team to redress the balance! and it was Rangers who emerged as suitable candidates” (Sanders, Glasgow Rangers). Unlike the movement of Celtic away from its Catholic roots, Rangers supporters seemed to embrace Protestantism and the conflict between the two Glasgow sides.

It was not until the 1960s that sectarianism forced itself into the public spotlight. The combination of several events re-ignited the conflict at the foundation of which Celtic and Rangers are based. First, a former Rangers player publicly announced the clubs Protestant only policy, a policy they had kept since the formation of the club.

1. The discrimination angered Catholics, mostly because their club had no such policy.
2. When questioned about the policy, vice Chairman of Rangers Football Club Matt Taylor stated that he felt the policy was “part of our traditionwe were formed in 1873 as a Protestant boys club.
3. To change now would lose us considerable support” (Sanders, Glasgow Rangers).

To keep the policy meant! to promote sectarianism. Shortly after this decision, Rangers suppor ters openly practiced this racial bigotry. In the opening moments of a football match in 1963, Rangers fans jeered during a minute silence taken for the assassinated Catholic U.S.

1. President, John F. Kennedy.
2. Supporters of Catholicism were furious with this blatant act of bigotry.
3. Even local papers, indifferent of the tension created by sectarianism, were embarrassed by the Rangers indiscretion.
4. Ian Archer of the Glasgow Herald was even quoted as saying, “as a Scottish football club, they are a permanent embarrassment and an occasional disgrace.

This country would be a better place if Rangers did not exist” (Sanders, Glasgow Rangers). The Catholic community fully supported this statement. In Glasgow, violence and abuse have gone well beyond football hooliganism. No longer can people view the conflict solely as football fans rioting after an exciting victory or a heartbreaking defeat.

1. Cara Henderson realized this at age 15 when her boyfriend was murdered for supporting the wrong team.
2. On October 7, 1995, Mark Scott was murdered by sectarianism.
3. On the day that he would die, Mark Scott’s mother urged him not to wear his Celtic top in case it brought him trouble.
4. Zipping his jacket to cover the green and white hoops, the 16-year-old schoolboy had laughed.

“Don’t worry, Mum,” he said. “They don’t do that kind of thing any more.” But they did, and hours later Mark had his throat cut by a man who picked him at random from a group of Celtic supporters as they walked home from a match through a Protestant area of Glasgow.

His jacket was still zipped (A Game of Two Halves). The Mark Scott tragedy is one of many that have plagued the rivalry between Celtic and Rangers in the recent years. Like Scott, people were not aware of the level of seriousness that which sectarianism had reached. It took a personal tragedy and the love for a lost friend to prompt action.

Cara Henderson was so motivated by the killing that she launched “Nil By Mouth”, a campaign to put an end to sectarianism in Scotland. In 1999, four years after her friends murder, Henderson took it into her own hands to increase awareness and stop the violence on the streets of Glasgow and throughout all of Scotland.

• Recognizing that the problem existed in the way that people thought, Henderson devised a program to improve education and increase awareness of sectarianism.
• Addressing the murder of her friend, Henderson thought that, “when that Rangers fan stepped out from the pub doorway and looked into the crowd of Celtic fans he didn’t see Mark the schoolboy, Mark the brot! her, the son, the friend.he saw Mark the Fenian, Mark the tim.” (Sanders, Old Firm Supporters).

With the help of others, Henderson launched her anti-sectarianism campaign with the following objectives:

To inform the general public about, and promote through education and awareness of, the problems of sectarianism and bigotry within Scottish society To promote the integration within Scottish society and the celebration of cultural diversity To encourage people to respect all cultures and to resist sectarianism, racism and bigotry in any shape or form To encourage everyone to take responsibility for their own attitudes and language, recognizing that this will help to change our society To raise awareness of the damage, violence and death in our society resulting from sectarian behavior (Sanders, Campaigns).

With increasing support from Rangers, Celtic, a series of schools, employers and political parties, Nil by Mouth has gained recognition and support in both the Catholic and Protestant communities. With the recruitment of public figures, Nil by Mouth hopes to become more influential as it appeals to wider audiences.

1. Henderson herself has appeared in a series of debates broadcast on television and over the radio encouraging people to abandon sectarian behavior.
2. Nil by Mouths publicity campaign extends beyond the spoken word in a series of posters displaying anti-sectarianism sentiments through the harsh realities of its consequences.

These posters, released in mass quantities in 2000, included a picture of a gravestone with the words “don’t be a die hard” below and a face covered in stitches with the slogan “sectarian jokes can have you in stitches.” Both were accompanied by the phrase “sectarian behavior can lead to violence and death” (Sanders, Campaigns).

1. A strong ! start in the campaign supporting anti-sectarianism has given people like Cara Henderson hope for a peaceful future.
2. Great strides have been taken in order to improve education and increase awareness of the conflict in Glasgow.
3. However, to the extent at which sectarianism has plagued the supporters of Celtic and Rangers, and the rest of the country for that matter, it is not something that is going to disappear overnight.

Changing peoples attitudes, especially those that have grown out of such strong belief systems like Catholicism and Protestantism, is not going to be easy. The competition between the two football clubs will make the movement away from sectarianism even more difficult.

Even with todays increased awareness, supporters from both clubs still chant sectarian songs during matches. Even though most people may sing to support of their respective club, the roots of the songs represent discrimination and religious bigotry that began even before the establishment of the two clubs.

Until people make a serious commitment to put an end to sectarianism, like Cara Henderson,! others may find themselves losing loved ones simply because of the color of a shirt. “A Game of Two Halves.” The Guardian. http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,1563,491160,00.html Murray, Bill.

The Old Firm: Sectarianism, Sport and Society in Scotland, John Donald Publishers, Edinburgh, 1984. “Renaissance and Reformation.” http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/renaissance/features_renaissance_reformation.shtml Sanders, Andrew. “Old Firm Supporters and Sectarian Violence.” http://www.realmaroonfc.com/documents/feat_sectarianism_5.htm Sanders, Andrew.

” Scottish Football and Sectarianism: Campaigns and Conclusions,” http://www.realmaroonfc.com/documents/feat_sectarianism_7.htm Sanders, Andrew. ” Scottish Football and Sectarianism: Celtic FC and Sectarianism in Scottish Football.” http://www.realmaroonfc.com/documents/feat_sectarianism_4.htm Sanders, Andrew.

Scottish Football and Sectarianism: Glasgow Rangers FC and Sectarianism in Scottish Football.” http://www.realmaroonfc.com/documents/feat_sectarianism_3.htm Sanders, Andrew. ” Scottish Football and Sectarianism: The Origins of Sectarianism in Scottish Football.” http://www.realmaroonfc.com/documents/feat_sectarianism_2.htm Im in the “Religious Tolerance” section, which meets Tuesdays at 1:15.

Last Tuesday there was not enough time to videotape all of the presentations. I just wanted to let you know that I was one of the students who was unable to give my presentation because of the time constraint. Thanks, Roger Levesque

Is Rangers Irish or Scottish?

Scottish Football League Those football clubs happen to be the two powerhouses of Scottish football—Celtic and Rangers. They are the most successful football clubs you’ll find anywhere in the world.

Who has the biggest support Celtic or Rangers?

Celtic may have won the league but Rangers are still the world’s “favourite Scottish football club” – and even have a fan in the Vatican – according to a study. Researchers analysed Google search trends for all 42 of Scotland’s senior football clubs to discover which ones attracted the most interest worldwide last year.

• Data provider Semrush looked at searches in 225 different places around the world.
• The Glasgow giants both claim a global fanbase and were predictably out in front with more than a million searches each per month.
• READ MORE: Rangers fans’ ‘beautiful’ rendition of God Save the King praised by TV star Rangers – who defeated their city rivals at Ibrox on Saturday – emerged on top overall with 1,343,925 searches per month on average in 2022 compared with Celtic’s 1,117,073.

Aberdeen (295,167 per month) were third ahead of Hearts (277,425). The Gers received the most clicks in Scotland, across the UK and in countries like America and Zambia – home nations of midfield star Malik Tillman and Saturday’s match-winner Fashion Sakala. Ange Postecoglou watches on from the touchline (Image: SNS Group) Celtic were firm favourites in boss Ange Postecoglu’s Australia and in Japan, where five of their stars including World Cup star Daizen Maeda call home as well as in Ireland, where the club has historic links.

1. But the findings also reveal support for other Scottish clubs and bragging rights in some unexpected locations.
2. Hearts got the most clicks in Lavia, for example, possibly due to their clashes with champions RFS in the Europa Conference League, while Kilmarnock had most fans in Malta.
3. Hibs attracted the most attention in the British Virgin Islands, while Aberdeen appear to have the most fans in the Caribbean island of Montserrat.

In an amusing twist, the research shows an average of just one single Google search per month in the Vatican City for any Scottish football team – and it is for Rangers. Rangers’ global success in 2022 was boosted significantly by their run to the Europa League Final in May. Todd Cantwell scores to make it 1-0 Rangers (Image: SNS Group) Celtic peaked in October when they attracted 1,836,600 searches ahead of their Champions League clash with European giants Real Madrid. Semrush took into account different names clubs might be known as, while all searches had to include the suffix “FC” to avoid confusion with the names of towns, cities and other sports clubs around the world.

1. Global searches for Rangers FC climbed by 23.51% compared with 2021 while searches for Celtic also leapt by 9.53%.
2. But throughout Scottish football, Annan Athletic (+188.94%) were the biggest climbers compared with 2021.
3. Arbroath (+137.88%), massively increased global awareness as the part-timers agonisingly missed out on a fairytale promotion to the Premiership – pushing Falkirk out of Scotland’s global top ten for the year, while Hearts got a boost from their European adventures.

The biggest dip, according to the data, was suffered by Brechin City (-54.15%), as they finished bottom of League Two and dropped into the Highland League. Olga Andrienko, of Semrush, said: “Celtic, under new boss Ange Postecoglu, regained the league title in 2022, but the new research from Semrush shows that it was their archrivals Rangers who created most awareness, growing their global appeal 23% year-on-year. Celtic fans soaking up the atmosphere in Vatican City ahead of their match with Lazio in 2019 (Image: Garry F McHarg Daily Record) “Glasgow’s big two received the most attention, with Celtic way out in front in places like Australia, Japan and Ireland as one might expect, and Rangers on top in the UK, the USA and Canada.

Taxi drivers REFUSE to accept jobs for Celtic Boys Club paedophile Frank Cairney Celtic thug chased ‘gloating’ Rangers supporter, attacked him with a screwdriver and stole his car Douglas Ross ignored foul-mouthed ‘c**t’ banner at Celtic Park: ‘my focus was on the football’ Latest news

Story Saved You can find this story in My Bookmarks. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right.

Are the Hungarians Huns?

Ethnic affiliations and genetic origins – The place of origin for the regional groups of Hungarians in the conquest period according to Kinga Éry The Hungarian language belongs to the Uralic language family, Early Uralic-speakers may be associated with an ancestry component linked to the pre-Indo-European Tarim mummies (Tarim EMBA), and later dispersed along the Seima-Turbino route, but after contact events with Ancient Northeast Asians (presumably Early Turkic) and Western Steppe Herders (Indo-European).

Modern Hungarians are however genetically rather distant from their closest linguistic relatives ( Mansi and Khanty ), and more similar to the neighbouring non-Uralic neighbors. Modern Hungarians share a small but significant “Inner Asian/Siberian” component with other Uralic-speaking populations maximized among modern Khanty people,

The historical Hungarian conqueror YDNA variation had a higher affinity with modern day Bashkirs and Volga Tatars, while their mtDNA has strong links to the populations of the Baraba region, Inner Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and Central Asia,

Modern Hungarians also display genetic affinity with historical Sintashta samples. Archeological mtDNA haplogroups show a similarity between Hungarians and Turkic-speaking Tatars and Bashkirs, while another study found a link between the Mansi and Bashkirs, suggesting that the Bashkirs are a mixture of Turkic, Ugric and Indo-European contributions.

The homeland of ancient Hungarians is around the Ural Mountains, and the Hungarian affinities with the Karayakupovo culture is widely accepted among researchers. A full found that the Bashkirs, next to their high European ancestry, displayed affinity to both Uralic-speaking populations of Northern Asia, as well as Inner Asian Turkic groups, “pointing to a mismatch of their cultural background and genetic ancestry and an intricacy of the historic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations “.

The homeland of the proto-Uralic peoples may have been close to Southern Siberia, among forest cultures in the Altai-Sayan region. The arrival of the Indo-European Afanasievo culture and Northeast Asian tribes may have caused the dispersal and expansion of proto-Uralic languages along the Seima-Turbino cultural area,

Neparáczki et al. argues, based on archeogenetic results, that the historical Hungarian Conquerors were mostly a mixture of Central Asian Steppe groups, Slavic, and Germanic tribes, and this composite people evolved between 400 and 1000 AD. According to Neparáczki: “From all recent and archaic populations tested the Volga Tatars show the smallest genetic distance to the entire Conqueror population” and “a direct genetic relation of the Conquerors to Onogur – Bulgar ancestors of these groups is very feasible.” Genetic data found high affinity between Magyar conquerors, the historical Bolgars, and modern day Turkic-speaking peoples in the Volga region, suggesting a possible language shifted from an Uralic (Ugric) to Turkic languages.

1. Hunnish origin or influences on Hungarians and Székelys have always been a matter of debate among scholars.
2. In Hungary, a legend developed based on medieval chronicles that the Hungarians, and the Székely ethnic group in particular, are descended from the Huns.
3. However, mainstream scholarship dismisses a close connection between the Hungarians and Huns.

A genetic study published in Scientific Reports in November 2019 led by Neparáczki Endre had examined the remains of three males from three separate 5th century Hunnic cemeteries in the Pannonian Basin, They were found to be carrying the paternal haplogroups Q1a2, R1b1a1b1a1a1 and R1a1a1b2a2,

In modern Europe, Q1a2 is rare and has its highest frequency among the Székelys, It is believed that conquering Magyars may have been Avar, Hunnish and Xiongnu influences. Foundation of the Hungarian state is connected to the Hungarian conquerors, who arrived from the Pontic steppes as a confederation of seven tribes,

The Hungarians arrived in the frame of a strong centralized steppe-empire under the leadership of Grand Prince Álmos and his son Árpád, they became founders of the Árpád dynasty, the Hungarian ruling dynasty and the Hungarian state. The Árpád dynasty claimed to be a direct descendant of the great Hun leader Attila,

In Hungary, a legend developed based on foreign and Hungarian medieval chronicles that the Hungarians, and the Székely ethnic group in particular, are descended from the Huns, The basic premise of the Hungarian medieval chronicle tradition was that the Huns, i.e. the Hungarians coming out twice from Scythia, the guiding principle was the Hun-Hungarian continuity.

Mainstream scholarship dismisses a close connection between the Hungarians and Huns.

Are the Huns Viking?

The Huns and the Vikings lived centuries apart. We do not know what ethnic group the Huns came from but it seems unlikely that they were related to the Vikings.

Do the Huns still exist?

The history of the Huns spans the time from before their first secure recorded appearance in Europe around 370 AD to after the disintegration of their empire around 469. The Huns likely entered Western Asia shortly before 370 from Central Asia : they first conquered the Goths and the Alans, pushing a number of tribes to seek refuge within the Roman Empire,

• In the following years, the Huns conquered most of the Germanic and Scythian tribes outside of the borders of the Roman Empire.
• They also launched invasions of both the Asian provinces of Rome and the Sasanian Empire in 375.
• Under Uldin, the first Hunnic ruler named in contemporary sources, the Huns launched a first unsuccessful large-scale raid into the Eastern Roman Empire in Europe in 408.

From the 420s, the Huns were led by the brothers Octar and Ruga, who both cooperated with and threatened the Romans. Upon Ruga’s death in 435, his nephews Bleda and Attila became the new rulers of the Huns, and launched a successful raid into the Eastern Roman Empire before making peace and securing an annual tribute and trading raids under the Treaty of Margus,

Attila appears to have killed his brother and became sole ruler of the Huns in 445. He would go on to rule for the next eight years, launching a devastating raid on the Eastern Roman Empire in 447, followed by an invasion of Gaul in 451. Attila is traditionally held to have been defeated in Gaul at the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields, however some scholars hold the battle to have been a draw or Hunnic victory.

The following year, the Huns invaded Italy and encountered no serious resistance before turning back. Hunnic dominion over Barbarian Europe is traditionally held to have collapsed suddenly after the death of Attila the year after the invasion of Italy.

The Huns themselves are usually thought to have disappeared after the death of his son Dengizich in 469. However, some scholars have argued that the Bulgars in particular show a high degree of continuity with the Huns. Hyun Jin Kim has argued that the three major Germanic tribes to emerge from the Hunnic empire, the Gepids, the Ostrogoths, and the Sciri, were all heavily Hunnicized, and may have had Hunnic rather than native rulers even after the end of Hunnic dominion in Europe.

It is possible that the Huns were directly or indirectly responsible for the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and they have been directly or indirectly linked to the dominance of Turkic tribes on the Eurasian steppe following the fourth century.

Is a German a Hun?

‘Hun’ was a derogatory nickname used primarily by the British and Americans – officers rather than men – during the First World War to describe the German Army, e.g. “the Huns attacked at dawn”. The origin of the term dated back to the Boxer Rebellion (1899-1900); in despatching his troops to China Kaiser Wilhelm II instructed them in a speech to behave like the Huns of old and to wreak vengeance (“let the Germans strike fear into the hearts, so he’ll be feared like the Hun”).

What is slang for white British?

Indian subcontinent – “Angrez” redirects here. For the 2015 Indian film, see Angrej, In Hindi, Hindustani and Urdu the term Angrez is used to refer to the British. This word has its origin in Portuguese Inglês, meaning ‘Englishman’. A derivative is the term Angrezan or Angrezni, meaning an Englishwoman.

Among the Europeans, the Portuguese were the first to arrive in India. The influx of the Portuguese led to language contact between their tongue and the local languages. As a consequence of this, a Portuguese pidgin developed that served as the lingua franca. The term Farangi ( Franks ) has been used in Persian language since the 13th century to refer to all Europeans, Western Europeans in particular.

Hindustani / Hindi has adopted this word from Persian and it is used to refer to the Europeans in general (including the British). The adjective Gora ( Gori for females) is also commonly used amongst Britons with subcontinental roots to refer to white Britons, although the term literally translates to ‘fair-skinned one’, and thus could and is applied to individuals of any ethnicity with a fair complexion, including British Asians themselves.

1. The adjective has also been used as a noun to describe white people – hence its potential usage as a racial slur.
2. In Nepal, the British are often referred to as Kuires / Khaires, which means ‘people of white or pale colour’.
3. It is also used in general for any European person with white skin.
4. Ingraj is used in Maharashtra ( Marathi ) and West Bengal ( Bengali ) in India to refer to British people.

Malayalis of Kerala use the term Sayyippu or Vellakkaran to refer to a male westerner. The feminine equivalent is Madamma or Vellakari, In Assam (which became part of British India in 1828), the British are called Boga Bongal (literally meaning ‘white foreigners’ or ‘white intruders’).

• Bongal was a derogatory word for foreigners in Assam under Ahom rule and it still is used in the 21st century.
• In Tamil Nadu the Tamil word Vellaikaaran means ‘white man’ and usually refers to members of the British colonial government in the 18th to 19th century.
• It is used in the present day to refer anyone who is White with European origin; many rural Tamil villagers still believe that all Europeans are either British or of British descent.

Vellaikaari means white woman and Vellaikaarargal or Vellaiyargal is the plural form meaning white people. Suddo (literally “white”) and Ingrisikarayo (Literally “Englishmen”) are Sri Lankan and Sinhalese names for British and other western white-skinned people.

What is a Hun in Belfast slang?

Hun. Meaning: A derogatory term for Protestants. Like taig, hun is not only used in Northern Ireland, but also in Scotland. Most people would solely know this word as a term of endearment; however the Northerners say otherwise.

What did German soldiers call British soldiers?

The term Tommy was established during the nineteenth century, but is particularly associated with World War 1. Legend has it that German soldiers would call out to ‘Tommy’ across no man’s land if they wanted to speak to a British soldier.

What did German soldiers call the British?

German soldiers also called themselves Schweissfussindianer – ‘Indians with sweaty feet’ – which had an interesting counterpart in a term for British soldiers: 1000 Worte Front-Deutsch (1925) states that after ‘Tommy’ the main German epithet for British soldiers was Fussballindianer – ‘football Indians’.

What race were the Huns?

Genetic evidence – In a genetic study on individuals from around the Tian Shan mountains in Central Asia dating from the late second century CE, Damgaard et al.2018 found that these individuals represented a population of mixed East Asian and West Eurasian origin.

1. They argued that this population descended from Xiongnu who expanded westward and mixed with Iranian Sakas,
2. This population in the Tian Shan mountains may be connected to the European Huns by individual burials that contains objects stylistically related to those used by the European Huns, although this could be a sign of the exchange of goods and the connections between elites rather than a sign of migration.

A genetic study published in Scientific Reports in November 2019 examined the remains of three males from 5th century Hunnic cemeteries in the Pannonian Basin, The three specimens were found to have had mixed European and East Asian ancestry. They carried paternal haplogroups Q1a2, R1b1a1b1a1a1 and R1a1a1b2a2,

Q1a2 is closely associated with Tian Shan Huns and Scytho- Sarmatian populations, while R1b1a1 is associated with Germanic speakers, and R1a-Z93 is broadly associated with Indo-Iranian and Xiongnu populations. The haplogroup results were consistent with a Xiongnu origin of the Huns. All of the Hunnic males studied were determined to have had brown eyes and dark brown hair or black hair, and two had intermediate skin color, while another had dark-to-black skin color.

However, Savelyev & Jeong et al.2020 reports while there is East Eurasian genetics detected in the Huns, no ancient genome from the Carpathian basin has been reported to test the Eastern Eurasian genetic connection, but such a conclusion was also based on the lack of Xiongnu archaeogenetics samples.

At the same time, the Western Eurasian population connected with various Indo-European languages of Europe (Germanic and Ossetic, in particular) played a crucial role in the formation of Huns. Many of the Huns’ names suggest they were European locally and have no connection with Turkic speakers. While the Huns do have some steppe ancestry there isn’t even enough evidence to directly link the Huns only with the Xiongnu.

In the same year Keyser et al.2020 examined 52 Xiongnu skeletal remains and found that the Xiongnu shared paternal (R1a1a1b2a-Z94, R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124, Q1a and N1a) and maternal haplotypes with the Huns, and suggested on this basis that the Huns were descended from Xiongnu, who they in turn suggested were descended from Scytho-Siberians,

Gnecchi-Ruscone et al.2021 analyzed the remains of two elite 4th century Huns from Kazakhstan and Hungary, Their paternal haplogroups were assigned to R1a-Z94 and R1a-Z645, One of these Huns carried the maternal haplogroup D4, They clustered closely with Hunnic remains from Inner Asia and more broadly with Ancient Northeast Asians.

The next year, Gnecchi-Ruscone et al.2022 examined a 5th century male from Árpás, Hungary. He belonged to paternal haplogroup R1a-Y57 and maternal haplogroup H5, and clustered closely with West Eurasians. A 2022 study described the ancestry of Hunnic remains.

Hunnic remains from Asia were assigned to a group designated Asia_Hun_Core, which was of predominantly East Asian ancestry and closely related to the Xiongnu, On the other hand, other Hunnic remains from Europe showed substantially higher Sarmatian ancestry. A third segment of the Hunnic samples clustered closely with Northwestern Europeans.

The authors described the paternal haplogroups of 23 Asian and European Hunnic samples: 43% belonged to haplogroup R1a-Z93, while 39% belonged to Q-M242, both of which were likely inherited from the Xiongnu,17% belonged to sub-clades of R1a that are associated with modern Northwestern Europeans, in line with the Germanic affinities of some specimens.

What is a Hun in Gaelic?

A ‘hun’ is a colloquial term used in Ireland to refer to a person from Northern Ireland, typically from a unionist or lo.

Are the Huns Viking?

The Huns and the Vikings lived centuries apart. We do not know what ethnic group the Huns came from but it seems unlikely that they were related to the Vikings.

What is a Hun in Belfast slang?

Hun. Meaning: A derogatory term for Protestants. Like taig, hun is not only used in Northern Ireland, but also in Scotland. Most people would solely know this word as a term of endearment; however the Northerners say otherwise.

What nationality is the Huns?

Around 370, swarms of Huns took over much of Western Europe, conquering Germanic tribes and scaring others out of their growing territory. But does this nomadic people deserve its outsized reputation? That question is hard to answer. The Huns “remain deeply mysterious,” writes historian Peter Heather, in part due to their lack of written history and their obscure origins.

The nomadic people are thought to have come from what is now Kazakhstan, and swept across the eastern steppes after about 350 A.D. Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C.

As the Huns moved along the Black Sea, they attacked those in their path. These people— Vandals, Visigoths, Goths and other groups—fled toward Rome. These migrations destabilized the Roman Empire and helped the Huns gain a murderous reputation. Their most notorious leader, Attila the Hun, solidified that perception.

Between 440 and 453 A.D., he led Hunnic hordes throughout much of Europe, including Gaul (modern-day France). Along the way he pillaged with abandon, gaining a reputation in historical accounts as a ” Scourge of God ” whose people perpetrated unspeakable acts of terror whenever they entered new territory.

(Related: Do these modified, pointy skulls belong to the Huns? ) But the archaeological record tells a different story. In 2017, for example, archaeologist Susanne Hakenbeck analyzed Hunnic bones buried in Pannonia, a former Roman region in what is now Hungary.

Isotopic analysis revealed that Huns coexisted and conducted cultural exchange with Romans. Hunnic history “wasn’t necessarily just a story of conflict, but more a story of cross-border exchanges, cross-border adaptability,” Hakenbeck told the Washington Post in 2017. Attila the Hun never invaded Rome itself, and his empire fell apart around 469 A.D.

Nonetheless, his people’s barbaric reputation has endured. Greek historian Jordanes, writing in the sixth century A.D., called them a “treacherous tribe,” and they were widely associated with the fall of the Roman Empire. However, modern historians believe they played a less direct role in its dissolution, and that the empire’s inherent instability left it vulnerable to barbarian invasion.

The fearsome reputation of the Huns has played a part in modern conflict as well. After German emperor Wilhelm II encouraged his soldiers to be as merciless as the Huns during a speech in 1900, the term became associated with Germany. During World War I, “Hun” was widely used as an epithet toward Germans.

Today, it still implies a barbaric people—but one that may have had much less might than their name might imply.